Prognosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy is a kind of disease which damages both kidney and other organs in the whole body. So it is necessary to have an earlier diagnosis so as to prevent more damage. Which examinations should people take to diagnose whether they have had Diabetic Nephropathy?
Generally, the examinations which they should take to diagnose Diabetic Nephropathy are as follows:
The first one is physical examination.
Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy can have different degree of high blood pressure, edema, and even ascites, hydrothorax and so on. In addition, they also have complication of Diabetic Retinopathy. The above mentioned are about the common diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy.
The second one is assistant examination, which includes the following aspects.
1. glucose
Glucose is an easy way to judge whether people have Diabetes. Diabetic Nephropathy can be false negative or false positive, which is the main diagnosis evidence of Diabetic Nephropathy.
2. urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER)
Urinary albumin excretion rate is an important index which can be used to diagnose early-stage Diabetic Nephropathy. When the urinary albumin excretion rate is more than 200μg/min, or when TUPr is more than 0.5g/24h, people can be diagnosed with Diabetic Nephropathy. Generally, the sediment in the urine is not obvious. When there are more white blood cells, it indicates urinary tract infection. When there are enough red blood cells, it indicates that there is hematuria caused by other reasons.
3. At the end stage of Diabetic Nephropathy, patients can also have decreased clearance rate of endogenous creatinine, increased blood urea nitrogen and increased serum creatinine.
4. At the early stage of Diabetic Nephropathy, patients can have increased glomerular filtration rate and increased kidney size. But in uremia stage, the size of kidney does not become smaller obviously.
5. To diagnose Diabetic Nephropathy, people should also have examination of eye ground. They should also have a fundus imaging, which can show the diabetic eye lesion such as microaneurysm.
Last but not least, people who have Diabetes should monitor the blood sugar strictly, because long time high blood sugar will lead to damage in kidney easily.